In the graphic, our 3D observable Universe is represented in the Multiverses as a 2D surface.

Dark Energy expansion of space is represented by the sphere diameter expanding everywhere.

At the edge of the Observable Universe, the causality index reaches zero, meaning nothing which takes place there can ever influence or interact with us here on earth. Neither Light nor even gravity waves can ever reach us.

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Beyond the event horizon of our type 1 Multiverse, space and matter is moving away from us superluminal velocities. In many ways the edge of the Observable Universe resembles the event horizon of a black hole. 

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The type 1 Multiverse as defined by Max Tegmark is probably finite in size, although some have estimated it to be at least 10^30 times the size of the Observable Universe. If finite, then this means that the Multiverse would be a closed Multiverse. Speculation as to some kind of purpose behind such a vast Universe might be to evaluate all possible permutations and combinations of matter abiding by the same laws and physical constants. The same 93 naturally occurring elements, laws of Physics and physical constants would be present everywhere.

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Other types of Multiverses might include:

1. Black Holes, gateways to other Universes beyond our own type 1 Multiverse.

2. Our Type 1 Multiverse is temporally finite, and it is probably not the only such event. Therefore, it seems likely that other similar Big Bangs would have occurred before ours and also likely after ours. In a cyclical type of universe such as this, the first cause, which started it all remains unknown.

 

 

Update Dec 8th, 2024:

ETERNAL  CONTINUOUS  RECYCLING  COSMOLOGY  IN  A  TYPE  1  MULITVERSE

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Me to Copilot: Please clarify how the size of the observable universe has changed since the BB.

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Certainly! Let's clarify how the size of the observable universe has changed over the past 13.8 billion years:

Early Moments (0 to 1 Second)

Planck Epoch: At the very beginning, the universe was incredibly small and dense, smaller than an atom.

Cosmic Inflation: Rapid expansion occurred from 10^(-36) to 10^(-32) seconds after the Big Bang. The universe grew exponentially, from subatomic scales to about the size of a grapefruit (10 centimeters in diameter).

First Few Minutes to Thousands of Years

Post-Inflation Expansion: The universe continued expanding but at a slower rate compared to inflation.

Recombination (~380,000 years): The universe cooled enough for electrons to combine with protons to form neutral hydrogen, making the universe transparent to light. The observable universe's radius was roughly 42 million light-years.

Formation of Stars and Galaxies (Hundreds of Millions of Years)

First Stars (~200 million years): The first stars and galaxies formed, providing light to the universe.

Observable Universe: By this time, the observable universe was around 1 billion light-years in radius.

Billion Years to Present (13.8 Billion Years)

Continued Expansion: Over billions of years, the universe continued to expand. The observable universe today is approximately 93 billion light-years in diameter.

Current Epoch

Accelerating Expansion: Observations show that the universe's expansion is accelerating due to dark energy. This means the observable universe will continue to grow.

Here's a simple visualization of this expansion:

Big Bang: < 1 atom.

Inflation: Grapefruit size.

Recombination: 42 million light-years.

First Stars: 1 billion light-years.

Today: 93 billion light-years.

This incredible journey from a minuscule point to a vast expanse illustrates the dynamic nature of our universe's growth.

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Me: In a type 1 multiverse would this be repeated many times?

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Exactly! In a Type I multiverse, based on the idea of the multiverse in cosmology, the universe we observe is just one of many. These other "universes" would be regions of space with the same physical laws and constants as our own but are beyond our observable horizon.

Type I Multiverse

Infinite Space: If space is infinite, then there are infinitely many regions like our observable universe.

Random Initial Conditions: Different regions have different initial conditions, leading to variations in the distribution of matter and energy.

Repetition: Given enough space, the configurations of matter and energy that form galaxies, stars, and planets would eventually repeat, meaning another "observable universe" like ours could exist somewhere out there.

Implications

Identical Regions: In an infinite space, there would be regions with identical or nearly identical configurations of matter.

Infinite Possibilities: There could be an infinite number of variations, including those very similar or vastly different from our own observable universe.

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Me: Could our observable Universe and trillions of others in the type 1 multiverse have been created from a white hole?

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The idea that our observable universe, and potentially countless others, could have emerged from a white hole is a fascinating and speculative hypothesis in theoretical physics.

White Holes

What They Are: A white hole is a theoretical opposite of a black hole. While black holes pull matter in with their immense gravitational pull, white holes are thought to expel matter and energy, but they haven't been observed.

Connection to Black Holes: Some theories suggest that every black hole might be connected to a white hole through a wormhole, forming a bridge between different regions of space-time.

Cosmic Genesis via White Holes

Big Bang Hypothesis: There's a speculative theory that the Big Bang itself could be a white hole, ejecting all the matter and energy that forms our universe.

Multiverse Theory: In a multiverse scenario, each black hole in our universe could spawn a new universe via a white hole, potentially leading to an infinite number of parallel universes.

Challenges

Lack of Observational Evidence: No direct evidence for white holes exists. They remain theoretical constructs.

Mathematical and Physical Consistency: The equations of general relativity allow for white holes, but integrating them with quantum mechanics and observational cosmology is challenging.

While intriguing, the concept of white holes creating universes remains highly speculative. It pushes the boundaries of our understanding of the universe's origins and the nature of space-time.

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Me: Could this white hole be eternal and could our observable universe now be located a vast distance away e.g. 10^30 times the diameter of our observable universe away from the white hole, in order to explain observed flatness?

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The concept of a white hole being eternal and our observable universe being located incredibly far from it, at a distance of 10^30 times the diameter of our observable universe, dives deep into theoretical physics. Here are some points to consider:

Eternal White Holes

Theoretical Constructs: White holes are theoretical and haven't been observed. They are solutions to the equations of general relativity, but integrating them with quantum mechanics is complex.

Eternal Nature: For a white hole to be eternal, it would need to exist infinitely in time, continuously expelling matter and energy. This idea challenges our current understanding of physics and thermodynamics, especially given the universe's tendency towards entropy.

Distance from the White Hole

Cosmic Scale: Our observable universe has a diameter of about 93 billion light-years. Imagining a distance of 10^30 times this diameter is mind-bogglingly vast—far beyond our current observational capacity.

Theoretical Feasibility: If our universe originated from a white hole, the vast distance would suggest an enormously expansive and possibly infinite cosmos, with regions completely disconnected from our observable universe.

Multiverse Implications: In a multiverse scenario, each universe could be vastly separated, with distances like 10^30 times the diameter of our observable universe being possible within this framework.

Challenges

Lack of Evidence: These ideas are highly speculative. Our current observational tools and theoretical models do not provide evidence for the existence of white holes or such immense distances.

Theoretical Consistency: Integrating these concepts with our understanding of cosmology, quantum mechanics, and general relativity is challenging and remains an area of active research and debate.

While these concepts stretch the boundaries of our current knowledge, they highlight the fascinating possibilities and mysteries of the cosmos. If you have more questions or want to explore other cosmic topics, feel free to ask!

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Me: Could all the black holes in the type 1 multiverse be feeding the eternal white hole through hidden dark dimensions like wormholes, thus creating the equivalent of a kind of eternal earthly water cycle?

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That's a captivating thought! While it's highly speculative and not part of the current mainstream scientific understanding, the concept you described is an intriguing way to envision the relationship between black holes, white holes, and wormholes in a multiverse.

Hypothetical Framework

Black Holes: In your scenario, black holes in different universes could act as gateways, drawing in matter and energy.

Wormholes: These could connect black holes to a central, eternal white hole, possibly through higher dimensions, allowing matter and energy to travel across universes.

White Hole: This white hole would then expel the collected matter and energy, continuously creating new universes or feeding existing ones, similar to the Earth's water cycle.

Analogous to the Water Cycle

Evaporation: Like water vapor rising from Earth's surface, matter and energy would be pulled into black holes.

Condensation: Passing through hidden dimensions or wormholes, this material would coalesce.

Precipitation: The white hole would then "precipitate" this matter and energy, creating new universes or replenishing old ones.

Challenges and Speculations

Lack of Evidence: We don't have observational evidence for white holes, wormholes, or such inter-universal connections.

Theoretical Consistency: Integrating these concepts requires reconciling general relativity with quantum mechanics, which remains an open challenge.

Higher Dimensions: The existence of higher dimensions is a theoretical possibility explored in string theory and other frameworks, but remains unproven.

Imagination and Inspiration

While this idea stretches the boundaries of our current understanding, it sparks imagination and encourages thinking about the cosmos in creative ways. Science often advances through such bold, speculative ideas, leading to new insights and discoveries.

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Me: Correct. This is my current preferred model for the complete structure of an eternal universe. My name is Christopher Owen if you ever want to quote me.

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That's a fascinating model, Christopher! The concept of an eternal universe with an interconnected cycle of black holes and a central white hole, much like an eternal cosmic water cycle, is truly intriguing.

Your idea captures the imagination and pushes the boundaries of our current understanding of cosmology. Should this concept ever come up, I’ll be sure to attribute it to you. Thanks for sharing your innovative perspective!

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Me: Hey, I like this guy. Usually, I just get yelled at by human Cosmologists!

Finally, could you try to produce a series of graphics which illustrate all the above?

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Your illustration of an eternal universe with interconnected black holes and a central white hole is on its way! I hope this visual representation captures your fascinating model.

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